Pre-selected add-ons clearly labeled with cost and easy to deselect
Why it matters
Pre-checked paid add-ons where the cost is only visible in the order total — not adjacent to the checkbox — are identified in the FTC's Dark Patterns Report as a manipulative checkout pattern. The Negative Option Rule also applies when a pre-checked add-on carries a recurring charge. Pre-checked marketing opt-ins at checkout additionally violate GDPR consent requirements for EU users and the CAN-SPAM Act's opt-in standards. These patterns collectively drive consumer complaints, chargebacks, and regulator attention across multiple frameworks.
Severity rationale
Low because discovering a pre-checked add-on requires active user attention during checkout rather than post-purchase, reducing immediate harm — but the pattern is explicitly called out in the FTC Dark Patterns Report and compounds with Negative Option Rule exposure for recurring charges.
Remediation
Label all pre-selected add-ons with their cost immediately adjacent to the checkbox, and default marketing opt-ins to unchecked.
function AddOnOption({
label, price, interval, defaultChecked = false, onChange
}: AddOnProps) {
const [selected, setSelected] = useState(defaultChecked)
return (
<label className="flex items-start gap-3 cursor-pointer">
<input
type="checkbox"
checked={selected}
onChange={e => { setSelected(e.target.checked); onChange?.(e.target.checked) }}
className="mt-1"
/>
<div>
<span className="font-medium">{label}</span>
{/* Cost must appear adjacent to the checkbox — not only in the order total */}
<span className="text-sm text-gray-600 ml-2">+${price}/{interval}</span>
{defaultChecked && (
<span className="text-xs text-amber-600 ml-2">
(pre-selected — uncheck to remove)
</span>
)}
</div>
</label>
)
}
For annual billing as default: show 'Billed as $288/year' prominently next to the option — not just the per-month equivalent. Marketing opt-ins must default to unchecked in all checkout flows.
DetectionPro
The detection method for this pattern is part of AuditBuffet Pro.
The full method (what to look for, pass and fail conditions, and how results get reported) ships inside the FTC Consumer Protection Audit. The pattern definition, severity rationale, and remediation remain openly licensed under CC-BY-4.0.
External references
- external · ftc-dark-patterns-report — FTC Report: Bringing Dark Patterns to Light (2022)
- external · ftc-negative-option-rule — FTC Negative Option Rule (16 CFR Part 425, updated 2024)
Taxons
History
- 2026-04-18·v1.0.0·Initial import from ftc-consumer-protection·automated