Claimed listings show Verified Owner badge set server-side only

A verified owner badge that is set client-side or derived from user-supplied input is cosmetic — any user can fake it by editing the DOM or intercepting the API response. Visitors rely on the badge to distinguish operator-managed listings from third-party submissions. When the badge is fabricated, trust signals collapse and the directory's credibility is undermined. CWE-285 and OWASP A01 (Broken Access Control) apply: authorization state must always originate from the server.

Render the badge exclusively from server-fetched data. Never pass a isVerified prop from client state or URL params — derive it from claimed_at in the database row:

// app/listings/[id]/page.tsx (server component)
const listing = await db.listings.findUniqueOrThrow({
  where: { id: params.id },
  select: { title: true, description: true, claimed_at: true }
})

return (
  <article>
    <h1>{listing.title}</h1>
    {listing.claimed_at && (
      <span className="badge-verified">Verified Owner</span>
    )}
  </article>
)

Never expose a claimed_at override via any public-facing API endpoint. The field should only be writable by the claim verification flow in app/api/listings/[id]/verify-claim/route.ts.

• ID: directory-submissions-moderation.spam-prevention.verified-owner-badge

• Severity: high

• What to look for: Examine how listings display ownership. If a listing has been claimed, check that: (1) a "Verified Owner" or similar badge is shown, (2) the badge is set server-side based on the claimed_at or owner_id field, not client-side, (3) the badge cannot be faked by a non-owner.

• Pass criteria: Enumerate all relevant code paths. Claimed listings display a server-rendered badge that indicates verified ownership. The badge is present only for listings where claimed_at is set and verified. with at least 1 verified instance.

• Fail criteria: No badge for claimed listings, or badge is set client-side or based on user input rather than the database.

• Skip (N/A) when: The project has no claim feature.

• Detail on fail: "Claimed listings have no badge to show the owner is verified. Users can't tell if a listing is legitimate." or "Badge is shown based on client-side data — user can fake it by editing the page."

• Remediation: Render verified badges server-side:

  // components/ListingCard.tsx
  export function ListingCard({ listing }) {
    return (
      <article>
        <h3>{listing.title}</h3>
        <p>{listing.description}</p>
  
        {listing.claimed_at && (
          <badge className="verified-owner">
            ✓ Verified Owner
          </badge>
        )}
      </article>
    )
  }
  
  // app/listings/[id]/page.tsx
  export default async function ListingPage({ params }) {
    const listing = await db.listings.findUnique({
      where: { id: params.id },
      select: {
        title: true,
        description: true,
        claimed_at: true,
        owner_id: true
      }
    })
  
    return <ListingCard listing={listing} />
  }