Status messages are announced via aria-live

Toast notifications, form submission confirmations, live search result counts, and loading states are invisible to screen reader users unless explicitly marked with aria-live. WCAG 2.2 SC 4.1.3 (Status Messages) is a Level AA requirement added in WCAG 2.1: status messages must be programmatically determinable through role or property so they can be announced without receiving focus. A 'Form saved successfully' toast that a sighted user sees and a screen reader user never hears is a silent UX failure.

Wrap non-intrusive status messages in an aria-live="polite" region so screen readers announce them after completing the current task. Use role="alert" for urgent errors.

// Polite announcement — waits for current speech to finish
<div aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" className="sr-only">
  {statusMessage}
</div>

// Alert — interrupts current speech immediately
{criticalError && (
  <div role="alert" className="text-red-600">
    {criticalError}
  </div>
)}

// Toast pattern — rendered in portal, still announced
export function Toast({ message }: { message: string }) {
  return createPortal(
    <div role="status" aria-live="polite" className="toast">
      {message}
    </div>,
    document.body
  )
}

Ensure the aria-live region exists in the DOM before any message is inserted — toggling both the region and its content simultaneously can prevent announcements in some screen readers.

• ID: aria-live

• Severity: low

• What to look for: Enumerate every relevant item. Look for status messages, notifications, alerts, loading indicators, and toast messages. Check for aria-live="polite" or role="alert" (which implies aria-live="assertive").

• Pass criteria: At least 1 of the following conditions is met. Status messages are announced to screen readers via aria-live="polite", role="alert", or aria-live="assertive". Messages do not move focus.

• Fail criteria: Status messages are rendered but not announced to screen readers.

• Skip (N/A) when: The project has no dynamic status messages.

• Detail on fail: Example: "Toast notification shows 'Form saved successfully' but has no aria-live attribute. Screen readers do not announce the message"

• Remediation: Add aria-live to status messages:

  <div aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true">
    {message && <p>{message}</p>}
  </div>
  
  {/* Or use role="alert" for urgent messages */}
  {error && (
    <div role="alert">
      <p>{error}</p>
    </div>
  )}